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Family health has become a key concern in Iraq over the years because of social and political interactions that have adversely affected the local communities. The government has attempted to mitigate these problems by creating an enabling environment to sustain its initiatives of achieving the sustainable development goals (Hilfi, Lafta, and Burnham, 2013). Internal factors have contributed to increased indicators of poor family health in the country, which calls for immediate interventions to enhance the social, physical, and psychological wellbeing of families in Iraq. In order to improve reproductive health among Iraqi citizens, the government needs to consider several multidimensional strategies to meet the needs of the people. However, based on the nature of the statistics pointing towards increased cases of adolescent childbearing and early marriages, the government should concentrate on measures to mitigate this problem (Moazzem et al., 2018). This strategic publication provides a comprehensive partnership plan between the government of Qatar and Iraq to reduce cases of early marriages and adolescent childbearing in Iraqi communities as a reproductive health initiative to improve family health.
The partnership program is meant to assist Iraqi communities to overcome the problem of early marriages and teenage childbearing. The country has encountered challenges relating to family health and specifically reproductive wellbeing because of the increasing number of teenage childbearing (Shukor, Klazinga, and Kringos, 2017). By targeting the Iraqi families and communities, the government of Qatar expects to enhance awareness and transform social practice that will mitigate and prevent cases of early marriages and teenage childbearing. The partnership between countries to meet health-related sustainable development goals is an essential move that provides synergistic resources to effectively implement the required interventions (Dean et al., 2015).
The partnership program will be carried out in a period of three years. After the period of three years, the assessment of outcomes will determine whether the program will be extended to another period to enhance the sustainability of the achieved outcomes. The three-year timeline was selected because this program targets a community change in social behavior, practice, and attitude to support a healthcare goal. Achieving a reduction in teenage childbearing and early marriages, the program should be implemented in stages and over an extended period. In Iraq, the problem has been persistent over a long period, which implies that it is a rooted occurrence that will require multidimensional interventions to achieve the desired prevention and mitigation milestones (UNFPA, 2019).
The partnership is between Qatar and Iraq where the former is committing to offer financial and technical support to fight early marriages and teenage childbearing as a move towards enhancing reproductive health among Iraqi communities. The partnership entails a continuous strategic support program for a period of three years. The government of Iraq has been keen to enact measures to enhance family health as a move towards sustainable development; however, political instability and low economic capacity has affected the ability of the country to meet the set goals (UNICEF, 2017). The partnership between the two countries will ensure that Iraq is in a position to meet the reproductive health expectations as part of the larger framework of improving the health of Iraqi citizens. Qatar will offer financial and technical support geared towards changing social behavior, attitude, and practices that encourage poor reproductive health especially those that contribute towards teenage childbearing and early marriages. Adolescents and local families in Iraq are highly affected; therefore, this partnership program will target the communities at-risk by focusing on rural and sub-urban settings to reach out to people and link those affected to social programs as part of the interventions.
Poor reproductive health is associated with adverse outcomes that affect both individuals and communities. In a larger scope and perspective, it increases the cost of healthcare and exacerbates the risk factors. In Iraq, failure to address reproductive health issues affecting teenagers implies that the country could continue witnessing an increase in the number of early marriage, teenage childbearing, maternal deaths, and infant mortality. Currently, a high number of young adolescents are at risk of poor reproductive health (World Bank, 2018). By focusing on this issue, Qatar will be able to assist Iraq to achieve its sustainable development goals regarding improved healthcare services. At the same time, this initiative will ensure that the country is characterized by reduced early marriages and teenage childbearing and register a move towards the achievement of SDGs regarding health (Sustainable Development, 2019; WHO, 2019). Achieving such healthcare milestones is a positive indicator of sustainable family health.
The mission of the partnership is to ensure that there is a reduction in early marriages and teenage childbearing among Iraqi communities. By focusing on the affected groups, this partnership intends to foster a change in perspective and attitude and create a new culture or environment that supports adolescents and other young people to achieve positive reproductive health in society. Based on the negative effects of this problem, there is a need for comprehensive eradication strategy that involves all the stakeholders (Bhutta and Black, 2013).
The mission of the partnership is to assist Iraq to achieve its strategic development goals by focusing on reproductive health. The partnership is tailored to meet the needs of the community by considering the advantages of positive reproductive health among Iraqi families. By sampling out the issue of early marriages and teenage childbearing, the partnership between Qatar and Iraq will ensure that there is a reduction in the number of adolescents and teenagers who are subjected to early marriages and eventually become mother at teenage level. The program seeks to create a society that focuses on the importance of positive reproductive health and adherence to sexual rights. At the same time, the mission of the partnership is to encourage the creation of a community that is safe for young girls, which will an essential move towards achieving healthcare goals in the country (Decker et al., 2017). Moreover, the program is designed to foster access to reproductive health services and information that could be used to eradicate risk factors among the vulnerable communities and populations in the country.
The success of the partnership between Qatar and Iraq to reduce early marriages and teenage childbearing in Iraq will be based on a number of values. The first aspect to be considered will be a right-based perspective when implementing the initiatives that define the program. Reproductive health is based on rights and freedom while at the same time adhering to ethical and legal provisions. The partnership will be implemented as a continuous framework or strategy to foster sustainable impact and change across the Iraqi communities. Furthermore, the implementation will be community-centered, which implies that each initiative undertaken will be justified and based on needs assessment. By upholding these values, it is anticipated that Iraq will realize a reduction in reproductive health challenges affecting teenagers in the country (Khan et al., 2015).
The partnership program will be implemented in collaboration with the ministry of health and the ministry of social affairs in Iraq. The two ministries will assist the government of Qatar to implement the partnership initiative by providing the necessary resources needed to effectively meet the goals of the program. The two ministries are directly involved with reproductive health issues among other concerns that impact teenagers. The program will focus on eliminating the contributing factors to early marriage and teenage childbearing cases in the country. The partnership framework will, therefore, involve a multi-country exchange of experience, exposure, and knowledge regarding teenage reproductive health with the objective of transferring good practices from Qatar to Iraq for sustainable change. Iraq is a culturally-established community with a dominant religious practice. However, the issue of culture is not a challenge since the program intends to foster culture-sensitive and religious-sensitive practices to improve the wellbeing of teenagers in terms of reproductive health. In fact, Qatar and Iraq share, to a significant percentage, common culture and religious characteristics. Such a move will improve family healthcare outcomes (Liu et al. 2016). In this case, the government of Qatar will work closely with the authorities in Iraq to reach out to religious and community leaders to improve awareness and create a culture of good practices that will encourage a preventive approach to this persistent problem of early marriages and teenage childbearing in the country.
The program will include multidimensional activities and initiatives to meet the needs of the groups or communities at risk. The following activities will be carried out both in the short-term and long term to ensure a reduction in the number of teenage childbearing and early marriages.
1. Conducting community sensitization programs by creating forums, workshops, and training geared towards knowledge development and improving awareness on implications and causes of early marriages and teenage childbearing.
2. Working with the local community and religious leaders to integrate good practices that have worked in Qatar into the healthcare promotion frameworks in Iraq to encourage a continuous culture transformation towards positive reproductive health for teenagers and adolescents.
3. Conducting quarterly training for parents, government officials working in local healthcare facilities, religious leaders, and community representatives on how to improve reproductive health of teenagers and encourage zero tolerance to early marriages and teenage childbearing.
4. Integrate awareness initiatives in learning programs in Iraq and focus on identifying risk factors and encouraging a total transition from one level to the other across Iraqi communities. Schools offer a higher level of access to teenage initiatives especially when it comes to issues relating to healthcare.
5. Work with the ministries of health, education, and social affairs to create a transition framework that will guarantee the continuous implementation of the initiatives beyond the program’s timeline to ensure the sustainability of the achieved outcomes.
Collaboration and integration pay a key role in healthcare partnerships (Edwards et al., 2015). The process of achieving sustainable development goals is affected by limited resources and financial capacity; however, through collaboration states are able to take advantage of the synergistic opportunities to inspire a healthcare change (UNDESA, 2017). In this partnership, Qatar will work with the local government and ministries in Iraq to guarantee effective implementation of the underlined initiatives. At the same time, the local community and religious leaders, healthcare practitioners, educators, and parents will be included in the programs to ensure a comprehensive approach while addressing the issue of early marriages and teenage childbearing.
Healthcare interventions that are designed to meet the needs of the consumers should be community-centered. Based on the nature of the change processes needed in Iraq, it is important to consider how effective the initiatives meet the needs of the people at risk (United Nations, 2017). The partnership will ensure that the program activities are specific to the experiences of the targeted group in Iraq. The concern of the partnership is how to eliminate risk factors and cases on teenage childbearing and early marriages. In this case, working closely with the community to determine the best way to achieve the project milestones is one of the strategic measures to enhance efficiency.
A healthcare change is a complex process that requires the input of all the stakeholders involved. The issue of reproductive health in Iraq requires coordinated and progressive initiatives that address the risk factors and sets out a preventive culture (Bhutta and Black, 2013). Teenagers need support in terms of healthcare infrastructures to achieve the desired healthcare experiences; however, a change in attitude, perception, and behavior among community members and groups is needed for Iraq to achieve zero tolerance to teenage marriages and childbearing in the country. By undertaking an integrated approach, the partnership seeks to implement initiatives geared towards a positive change.
It is important for healthcare collaborations and partnerships between countries to be based on ethical and proactive practices as defined by the objectives of the strategies implemented (Jones, 2016). In Iraq, there is a need to focus on the experience of the local citizens affected by internal political and social disorientations (Decker et al., 2017). Proactive and ethical values in this partnership between Qatar and the government of Iraq revolve around finding a common cause, creating a realistic vision, establishing a shared narrative, incorporating effective leadership, pooling resources together, and including all stakeholders to curb the problem of early marriages and teenage childbearing in Iraq.
Each country has a unique culture and religious practices, which should be accommodated and respected when implementing healthcare programs. In this partnership, the interventions will consider the cultural and religious dimensions to ensure a balanced and holistic approach to mitigation of early marriages and teenage childbearing. A culturally sensitive approach to healthcare intervention is essential because it ensures a proactive and balanced approach to health transformation for local communities. In Iraq, culture and religion define a significant number of practices. In this case, it is important for the partnership process to consider the role of religious leaders as well as religious background factors on the process of reducing the number of early marriages and teenage childbearing.
A partnership between countries involves comprehensive programs and initiatives that require adequate preparation (Jones et al., 2013). The nature of reproductive health challenges facing Iraq requires a multidimensional preparation for the government of Qatar to be in a position to achieve the partnership goals. The two states need a proper shared vision and joint planning, which entails coordinated and mutual agreement when establishing the objectives of the partnership, the designated timeframes, and the approach to be used when implementing and evaluating the objectives. The government of the two countries will co-develop and establish the plan and activities of the program to ensure that the initiatives being implemented are community-centered. At the same time, another key preparation concern is the need to establish a mutual agreement on performance milestones and measures that could be used to evaluate or assess the impact of the program. In this case, the process of establishing an assessment framework should be mutual and focused on the objectives of the program.
Another preparation requirement needed in this partnership is the establishment of program ownership before undertaking implementations. It is important to set up a stakeholder engagement plan and integrate different levels of the healthcare system in Iraq. At the same time, good relationship is central to the success of this partnership between Iraq and Qatar. Therefore, it is important for the two countries to build a positive relationship based on trust and commitment. The program will require continuous resources from Qatar to sustain its operations while on the other hand, logistic support is needed from the ministry of health in Iraq. Adherence to local rules and culture is also part of the key preparations needed in this program. Establishing good communication framework and nurturing individual mandated with program implementation will also ensure an efficient process during implementation.
Table 1: Proposed Budget
PROPOSED BUDGET ITEM |
AMOUNT |
Introducing the program and set up the community groups and forums |
20,000 |
Developing leadership groups and incorporating religious groups |
30,000 |
Networking and Communication |
10,000 |
Initiatives to reduce harm and link affected teenagers with social help |
300,000 |
Partnership with the Ministry of Education |
200,000 |
Partnership development with Iraqi's ministry of health |
150,000 |
Partnership Emergency Expenditure |
120,000 |
Technical Assistance and Professional Workforce |
200,000 |
Security for the personnel and project team |
20,000 |
Transportation |
50,000 |
Handing Over the Project |
20,000 |
Program Evaluation and Fieldwork Research |
80,000 |
Accommodation and Meals |
100,000 |
TOTAL |
1,300,000 |
Table 1: Proposed Timeframe
Period |
Activity |
Description |
Year One |
Program Introduction |
Introducing partnership activities and setting up community groups. Meeting all local stakeholders to initiate the project. |
Year Two |
Integration of Healthcare Activities and Education Programs |
Linking up with healthcare and education programs being implemented by the government of Iraq as independent interventions. |
Year Two |
Mid-Program Evaluation |
Mid-program evaluation of the achievements made so far since the inception of the partnership between the two countries. |
Year Three Quarter One |
Setting Local Social Community-managed initiatives |
Establishing a local social group within the society to encourage long-term self-management and continuous sensitization. |
Year Three Quarter Two and Three |
End-Program Evaluation |
End of a program evaluation of the achievements made so far since the inception of the partnership between the two countries. Making a comparison between the period before and after the partnership. |
Year Three Quarter Four |
Program Handover |
Creating a transition program and framework that will see the government of Iraq taking over the initiatives by the partnership for continuity purposes. |
Healthcare program evaluation is an essential component implementation process where the focus is on the assessment of outcomes (Ritman, 2016). In this partnership between Qatar and Iraq to reduce the high number of early marriages and teenage childbearing across Iraqi communities, it will be important to evaluate the extent to which the designated objectives have been achieved. The first step will be engaging the stakeholders who were involved in the entire partnership period. The role of this engagement will be to critique, assess, and redefine the outcomes of the project (Kulasabanathan et al., 2017). The key stakeholders will include those who were incorporated in the partnership operations such as the coalition partners, funding officials and representatives from Qatar, administrators from Iraq’s ministry of health, and other program staff from the healthcare sector. The second step to be considered during the evaluation will be the collection of data relating to the impact of the initiatives that have been implemented. The purpose of data collection will be to determine the nature of change achieved through the partnership.
Once the data has been collected, a comparison will be carried out between the current status of the targeted group and the previous position during the need assessment stage. Since the primary purpose was to enhance the reproductive health of Iraqi citizens by focusing on reducing the number of early marriages and teenage childbearing. A decline in the number of reported cases and increased awareness across local communities will point towards the achievement of a positive impact. The focus will be on what the partnership has achieved in terms of improving reproductive health. Therefore, the program evaluators will focus on the experience of the community members, local leaders, and religious representatives during the campaign programs. The following table represents a summary of the evaluation framework for this partnership.
Table 3: Evaluation Framework
Tools or Instruments of Evaluation |
Timeline |
Stakeholders |
|
- Interviews - Community Forums - Focus groups - Record assessment - Observation |
Quarterly after the during the second and third year of implementation |
- Religious leaders - Local leaders - Community members - Ministry of health administrators - Local healthcare representatives |
|
Objectives |
|||
- To determine the change in the number of teenagers affected by early marriages and teenage childbearing - To assess the level of awareness among community members - To evaluate the use of allocated resources in line with the partnership objectives - To determine the areas that require improvement based on witnessed challenges and limitations |
Conclusion
In conclusion, the partnership program between Qatar and Iraq is designed to address the issue of increased early marriages and teenage childbearing as a move towards enhancing reproductive health in Iraq. The three-year program is created to address this problem by implementing diverse multidimensional public health initiatives within a period of three years. The program will cost $1.3 million to cover all the interventions within the three-year period.
During the partnership, the team will be conducting community sensitization programs by creating forums, workshops, and training geared towards knowledge development and improving awareness on implications and causes of early marriages and teenage childbearing. The partnership team will also work with the local community and religious leaders to integrate good practices that have been implemented in Qatar into the healthcare promotion frameworks in Iraq to encourage a continuous culture transformation towards positive reproductive health for teenagers and adolescents. It is expected that at the end of the program there will be a significant reduction in the number of early marriages and teenage childbearing in Iraq.
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