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RFID technology is used to collect the data in an automatic way. It is referred to as the wireless communication. It utilizes the read and collect technique for storing the data. In this technology the digital data is encoded in the smart labels or the RFID tags which are then read by a reader using the radio waves. The implementation of such chips in the human figure have both advantages and disadvantages. In human figure the RFID technology has numerous applications such as tracking of the missing identity, providing ready access to the health care to provide quick and efficient health services to the patients (Fan, Tao, Deng & Li, 2015). The implementation of the RFID chips in the human figure covers huge disadvantages which include uncertainty, data leaks, access control, and replacement hardware. The sensitive information of an individual can easily be achieved using the RFID chips. There are numerous ethical issues related to the implementation of the RFID chips in the human figure.
This particular report mainly focus on the ethical analysis on the topic “Is the practice of implanting RFID chips into humans appropriate?” The report describes four factors of the ethical analysis and justifies the research question. Lastly, the report provides a clear statement with proper ethical justification.
Utilitarianism an ethical theory which advocates the actions for promoting happiness and for rejecting the actions which cause harm or unhappiness. In normative ethics, the Utilitarianism claimed an action as a rightful one which promotes happiness and an action is claimed wrong when it promotes harm to the society and people living in that society. This particular ethical theory holds a value which produce happiness or good for highest number of people. It is the only approach used in the moral reasoning in the business where the businesses need to do cost – benefit analysis (Guo, Ngai, Yang & Liang, 2015). Utilitarianism in the context of the implementation of the RFID chips in the human figure permits the infringements of the civil right if the implementation increases the advantages for the majority. From the utilitarian point of view the frequent political debates are performed using the help of the utilitarian ideas where the civil rights are not constraints on the state actions. The utilitarianism permits the infringements on the civil rights when they increase the benefit for the majority of the society (Fescioglu-Unver, Choi, Sheen & Kumara, 2015). From the utilitarianism concept, if the RFID chips is not ethical it promotes harm. The sensitive information of an individual can lead negative results which can impact his or her whole family like the banking details and many more. Thus, form the utilitarianism view, the implementation of the RFID chips is unethical as it always develop privacy risk for the user (Liukkonen, 2015). The sensitive information stored in the chip can easily be hacked which can result to loss of high censored data. However, it can be used to find or track the missing people but it is unethical to keep the data of the whole business, industry or may be country in risk for finding or locating a single person or gang. The risk cannot be handled in the implementation of such devices in the human figure and will increase the risk of his or her life which can even result to his or her death.
Deontological ethics in is a philosophical ethical theory which develops an emphasis on relationship among the duty as well as the morality of the human operations. In Deontology, an action is referred as a good one based on some characteristics of the operation. The morality of the action does not depend on the nature of the outcome from the triggered action. According to the deontological ethical theory, few actions are morally obligatory irrespective of their result on the human kind. The major element in the deontological ethical theory is some characteristics of the action based on which the morality of the action is decided (Duroc & Tedjini, 2018). A deontological ethics can be formulated depending on various philosophies such as the Kantianism, divine command theory and contemporary deontology. Immanuel Kant claimed that an action can be triggered in the right way whenever a person follow rightful steps or methods. He also argued that the morality of an action is not decided on the basis of the result rather it depends on the motives of the person who is triggering the action or performing the operation. The characteristics may be its method of trigger, persons associated with it, features of the actions and many more. The deontological applicable in this case study is that the implementation is done with the help of some efficient medical care and also holds some ethical reason behind the implementation of the RFID chips in the human figure (Pucihar et al., 2017). The motive of the implementation holds a rightful reason for the implementation and thus on the basis of the deontological ethical theory the implementation of the RFID chips in the human figure can be considered as ethical.
The social contract theory states that the people of a society live together with an agreement which generates political and moral rules of the behaviour. The social contract theory is rightfully related to the modern political and moral theory. It either tacitly arguments posit which individuals have consented either tacitly or explicitly (Spiekermann, 2015). They can surrender few freedom and can submit to the authority in exchange of their remaining rights and social order. The social contract theories vary with respect to the object of the contract. In traditional contract theories of the Locke and Hobbes, the contract was regarding the political association. The political philosophers provide various views on the government policies and the rules (Mandal, Ponnambath & Parija, 2016). In this case the implementation of RFID chips in the human figure can help the government to track or monitor some missing and urgent objectives but it can led to damage of highly sensitive information of the country. The privacy risks is increased with the implementation of the RFID chips in the human figure. The risk lowered the ethical power from the society. The government can monitor and locate their requirement using the implementation method of the chips but can negatively affect the man kind of the society. The contract theory related to the implementation of the RFID chips (Laakasuo & Sundvall, 2016). The contract can fail to meet the requirement of the government. The security of the people should be the major concern for the government. To achieve a single motive or person the government cannot rather should take the risk of whole world by dealing with their sensitive data.
The character based ethical theories are the normative philosophical ethical theories that emphasize the virtues of mind, sense of honesty and also emphasizes the character. The virtue ethics describes the definition and nature of the virtues and associated problems with them. These include the method of the acquiring the virtues and the method of virtues applicability (Alzola, 2017). Some moral virtues are such as the courage, liberality, appropriate ambition, wittiness, friendliness, modesty and many more. In this case the implementation of the RFID chips in the human figure can decrease the moral virtues of an individual. The virtues or the behaviour of an individual is discouraged with the implementation of the RFID chips in the human figure (Nyikes, 2016). The motive can be cleared and simple but the effect of such type of implementation can lead to huge damage for the society.
Therefore, it can be concluded that the implementation of the RFID chips in the human figure does not hold an ethical value for the society. The technology can be used widely but the implementation of those chips in the human figure can lead to negative results for the users. The ethical analysis done in this particular paper governed or declared that it unethical to implant the RFID chips in the human figure. The main and major concern for a society or the government is the protection of the people associated with the society or the business. It has been proved that implementation of the RFID chips can lead to huge damage to the entire society or business or may be whole world.
Alzola, M. (2017). Character-based business ethics. In The Oxford handbook of virtue.
Duroc, Y., & Tedjini, S. (2018). RFID: A key technology for Humanity. Comptes Rendus Physique, 19(1-2), 64-71.
Fan, T., Tao, F., Deng, S., & Li, S. (2015). Impact of RFID technology on supply chain decisions with inventory inaccuracies. International Journal of Production Economics, 159, 117-125.
Fescioglu-Unver, N., Choi, S. H., Sheen, D., & Kumara, S. (2015). RFID in production and service systems: Technology, applications and issues. Information Systems Frontiers, 17(6), 1369-1380.
Guo, Z., Ngai, E., Yang, C., & Liang, X. (2015). An RFID-based intelligent decision support system architecture for production monitoring and scheduling in a distributed manufacturing environment. International journal of production economics, 159, 16-28.
Laakasuo, M., & Sundvall, J. (2016). Are utilitarian/deontological preferences unidimensional?. Frontiers in psychology, 7, 1228.
Liukkonen, M. (2015). RFID technology in manufacturing and supply chain. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 28(8), 861-880.
Mandal, J., Ponnambath, D. K., & Parija, S. C. (2016). Utilitarian and deontological ethics in medicine. Tropical parasitology, 6(1), 5.
Nyikes, Z. (2016, January). Information security issues of RFID. In 2016 IEEE 14th International Symposium on Applied Machine Intelligence and Informatics (SAMI) (pp. 111-114). IEEE.
Pucihar, A., Borštnar, M. K., Kittl, C., Ravesteijn, P., Clarke, R., & Bons, R. (2017). Behaviour Intentions to Use RFID Subcutaneous Microchips: A Cross-sectional Slovenian Perspective. 30TH Bled eConference: Digital Transformation–From Connecting Things to Transforming Our Lives, 669.
Spiekermann, S. (2015). Ethical IT innovation: A value-based system design approach. Auerbach Publications.
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