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1. Factors influencing erosional power of waves striking coastline
Waves are the main cause of erosion being experienced in the coastal area. A higher rate of erosion results from higher wave energy (Kim, 2011). Wave energy results from the speed of the wind blowing over the sea surface, the fetch length and the time the wind is taking when blowing.
The rate of erosion is affected by the coastline geology.
The rate of erosion in the coast will be low if the coast is made of more resistant rocks such as granite and sand.
If diverse kinds of rock appear parallel to the coastline, the breaking sea will only take place through several resilient rocks in a few areas (Aydogan, 2014). Less resistant rocks are exposed when different types of rocks run at right angles to the coastline.
The rate of erosion is affected by the shape of the coastline for example headlands cause retraction of waves, making waves converge and combining their energy.
Through hydraulic action, the trapping of air takes place in cracks and joints on a cliff face. When a wave breaks, the compression of trapped air takes place therefore weakening the cliff and causes erosion (Aydogan, 2014).
The eroding of beaches is caused when the sands supplied to the beach cannot hold the sand lost in the sea. Usually, rivers carry sediments eroded from the rocks and soils. All dams and reservoirs rap some of the sediments thus starve the river downstream of its normal sediment loads.
Replacement and nourishment of beach is the process by which sediments or sand is added to beaches to help in increasing the width of the beach and combating erosion (Callaghan, 2009). It is not a good investment to coastal communities since it has so many consequences, it kills animals living in the beach and it is not a long term solution since the waves and storm will eventually erode the additional sand (Kim, 2011).
The rise of sea level from either isocracy ecstasy causes the stretching of submerging coastlines and they are produced by post-glacial adjustment (Kim, 2011). Coastlines of submergence are so common today because of the Pleistocene Epoch and melting of ice sheets.
The coral reefs ecosystem is greatly threatened by the change in the climate and this is due to the rise in the sea-level, tropical storm changing its frequency and intensity, and the change in the circulation patterns of the ocean (Luo, 2013).
Aydogan, B. A. (2014). Erosion progression of the wooded coastal dune. Coastal engineering proceedings, 1(34), 16.
Callaghan, D. (2009). Quantifying the storm erosion hazard for coastal planning. Coastal Engineering, 56(1), 90-93.
Kim, K.-H. (2011). Mitigation of beach erosion after coastal road construction. Journal of coastal research, 27(4), 645.
Luo, S. (2013). Coastal erosion and management in the peoples' republic of China. Journal of Coastal Development, 67-70.
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