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The term police is defined as an established form of individuals empowered by a nation for the enforcement of the law, defending the people’s lives, freedom and properties of citizens, and prevention of crime and the complaints which are civil in nature (Sausdal 2017). The legalized influences that the police is seen as exercise include seizure and the use of force in a way that is considered to be legitimized. The term policing, in this context is described as properly maintaining the law and order of a place by the forces in the police service (Shearing 2018). Policing can further be defined as overseeing or imposing guidelines. As example of policing it is seen that the schools might get requests that schools discharge students at altered times for the reduction of chances for fights or bullying.
The New South Wales Police Force (NSW Police Force), which was formerly known as New South Wales Police Service and New South Wales Police, is considered as the major law enforcement agency in the state of New South Wales in Australia. The administration of the New South Wales Police Department is divided into two sections. The metropolitan areas of the New South Wales are supervised under the jurisdiction of the Police Area Commands (PACs) and the provincial and country areas of of the New South Wales are looked after under the jurisdiction of the Police Districts (PDs). The purposes served by the New South Wales Police Force are seen to have influence on the fellows of the community by way of the establishment of amenities. These facilities are observed as including the providing of the services related to policing to the jurisdiction of New South Wales and exercising different purposes deliberated on the police force by provisions mentioned in the Police Act 1990 or any similar legislation. The services provided by the New South Wales police force include the services to the customers to be receptive and eloquent. The general undertaking of the police force is ensuring the protection of the life and possessions of the individuals and for the recognition and deterrence of crimes. The services that the New South Wales Police Force provide is seen as including deterrence, exposure and exploration of the crimes; maintenance of the communal order; managing the situations in emergency; performance and organization of the operations for exploration and rescue of individuals; and Observing and endorsing road safety.
The model followed by the New South Wales police department for their operations is the community based model. The term community-oriented policing is described as a policy in the policing that emphases on building connections and operating diligently with the citizens in the communities (Dunn et al. 2016). The chief objective of the system of community based policing is building of relation with the public by the police forces through interactions with the local organizations and the fellows of the communal, generating partnership and tactics for the reduction of the criminal activities and disorders. Community based model of policing can further be observed as being connected to the problem oriented model of the policing and intelligence based model of the policing, and can further be seen as contradicting with reactive tactics in the policing (McCarthy et al 2019). Even though the model of community based policing typically objects towards the criminal activities and disorders that are low level, however, as per the ‘broken windows theory’ it is stated that there would be more reduction of serious criminal activities by way of the community based policing as well (Gill et al 2017). The broken window theory, first discovered by James Q. Wilson and George Kelling in 1982, proposes that if the visible signs of disorder are cleaned then it will help in the prevention of serious crimes (Welsh, Braga and Bruinsma 2015). There are certain challenges that the New South Wales police department is seen as facing as well for their approach towards policing. One of the major problems that has been repeatedly reported over the years is the over imprisonment of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. The police force in the New South Wales is seen as given the opportunity of using their own discretion on the situations when they doubt that an individual is guilty of committing a felony. Therefore from the above discussion the definitions of policing are observed to be straightforward and not complex at all, even though there are certain disparities between the definitions and the actual practice.
Zero-tolerance model of policing is often described as a stringent tactic for the enforcement of non-discretionary law which might often be considered as being harsh on criminal activities. Under the provisions mentioned in the method, the police force is seen as enforcing all aspect of the law. Even the minor criminal activities are seen as closely monitored under the Zero-tolerance model of policing (Taylor 2019) The minor offences can as well be including graffiti, drinking alcohol in the public, begging, destruction, and panhandling.
The term community-oriented policing is labelled as a policy in the policing that stress on structuring networks and functioning assiduously with the residents in the communities. The paramount objective of the arrangement of community based policing is structuring relation with the community by the police forces by way of interrelating with the resident groups and the associates in the community, making partnership and strategies for the lessening of the illicit actions and disarrays. Community oriented model of policing can further be witnessed as being linked to the problem based model and intelligence oriented model of the policing. In furtherance, this model is also understood as challenging with reactive tactics in the policing (Mutongwizo et al. 2019). Even though the model of community based policing typically objects towards the criminal activities and disorders that are low level, however, as per the ‘broken windows theory’ it is stated that there would be more reduction of serious criminal activities by way of the community based policing as well (Walsh 2018). Both the Zero-tolerance model of policing and Community based model of policing is seen as having certain pros and cons.
Zero-tolerance model of policing objects for the prevention of the severe criminal activities by way of fastening down even the slight offenses such as the graffiti that the experts consider to be leading to additional offences. In furtherance, in this model, even for the first felonies the offenders are charged with prison sentences. Zero-tolerance model of policing is seen as providing a dominant restraining to the activities of the criminals. In following Zero-tolerance model of policing offenders are less likely commit re-offences because in the zero tolerance system the police is seen as catching the offenders promptly on during the accelerating round of criminalities. As there are strict punishments for crimes people are more likely to be deterring from criminal behaviours. It is also seen as to be effective in the reduction of drug dealing and abuse (Walklate and Evans 2019).
The cons in the Zero-tolerance model of policing include that many offenders who commit minor crimes, or are low level members in a gang, might not be aware of the consequences for their offences. These types of offences would be reduced if there is a change in the structure of the society and not with the severity of punishments (Cullen, Pratt and Turanovic 2016). In the zero tolerance policy system the re-offending rates is seen as being higher.
The pros in the Community based model of policing includes: bringing the public and the police nearer; good for deterring crimes; the community is educated about the crimes; the police is seen as having commitment towards the society (Peyton, Sierra-Arévalo and Rand 2019).
The cons in the Community based model of policing includes: there might be struggle among certain citizens for gaining more power or being authoritative; it created deviance activities; as the community also includes in the deterrence of crime therefore there might be varieties of ideas clashing (Schanzer et al. 2016).
The model followed by the New South Wales police department for their operations is the community based model. There are some definite challenges that the New South Wales police department is seen as facing as well for their approach towards policing (Fisher, Clancey and Rutherford 2016).The police force in the New South Wales is seen as given the prospect of using their own freedom of choice on the circumstances when they suspect that an individual is guilty of committing a felony (YouTube, 2015). The purposes obliged by the New South Wales Police Force are seen as partaking effect on the companions of the communal by way of the formation of services.
One of the major problems that has been repeatedly reported over the years is the over imprisonment of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people (NSW Police, 2019). As per the crime statistics provided by the New South Wales police department it is observed that in 2019 there has been mostly been downward trends in offences in the major categories, like breaking and entering, stealing from person or from dwelling and inflicting malicious damage towards property. The report is also seen as providing that there has been decline in the violent crimes as well (Police.nsw.gov.au, 2019). Therefore based on the report it is said that the community based model of policing in the New South Wales region is effective to deter crime as there has been a steady decline in the serious crimes by following the community based models. Hence, there is no necessity for a zero tolerance model to be set up currently in the NSW police system.
Cullen, F.T., Pratt, T.C. and Turanovic, J.J., 2016. It's hopeless: Beyond zero-tolerance supervision. Criminology & Pub. Pol'y, 15, p.1215.
Dunn, K.M., Atie, R., Kennedy, M., Ali, J.A., O’Reilly, J. and Rogerson, L., 2016. Can you use community policing for counter terrorism? Evidence from NSW, Australia. Police Practice and Research, 17(3), pp.196-211.
Fisher, D., Clancey, G. and Rutherford, A., 2016. Policing built environment crime risks: the role of police in CPTED in New South Wales, Australia. Police Practice and Research, 17(5), pp.477-488.
Gill, C., Weisburd, D., Telep, C., Vitter, Z. and Bennett, T., 2017. Community-oriented policing to reduce crime, disorder, and fear and improve legitimacy and satisfaction with police: a systematic review.
McCarthy, M.M., Porter, L.E., Townsley, M. and Alpert, G.P., 2019. The effect of community-oriented policing on police use of force: does community matter?. Policing: An International Journal.
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Sausdal, D., 2017. Leanne Weber, Policing Non-Citizens.
Schanzer, D.H., Kurzman, C., Toliver, J. and Miller, E., 2016. The challenge and promise of using community policing strategies to prevent violent extremism: A call for community partnerships with law enforcement to enhance public safety. Durham: Triangle Center on Terrorism and Homeland Security.
Shearing, C., 2018. Reinventing policing: Policing as governance. In Policing change, changing police (pp. 285-307). Routledge.
Taylor, R.B., 2019. Incivilities Reduction Policing, Zero Tolerance, and the Retreat from Coproduction: Even Weaker Foundations and Stronger Pressures. Police Innovation: Contrasting Perspectives, p.142.
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YouTube (2015). Policing Methods: Adopting a Strategy. [online] YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W3YdSOyd9pU [Accessed 7 Jan. 2020].
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