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Book review involves a critical analysis of the concepts in the entire literature. Comparison of the book reviews requires a good understanding of the information contained in each book (Lippitt, 34). The changes that have occurred in most of the communities are attributed to the contributions of technological inventions. In the contemporary world, most of the technical operations are performed by robots that have been generated through the technological changes in the world. Technological changes and introduction of robots have impacted political, religious, cultural and economic aspects, especially in developed countries (Conway, 15). Robo Sapiens Japanicus, is a book that was written by Robertson and described the implications the technological improvements in the cultural nature of the Japanese people. Similarly, another book that describes the impacts of technology on the life aspects was written by Valerie Olson. The book is entitled, Into the Extreme and its focus is based on the cultural, political, religious and economic aspects of United Sates of America. Olson's book also provides an overview of the desires of the people to venture into the outer-space. The technological progression in these two countries provides a clear indication of the life transformation, therefore, contributing to the historical and anthropological evaluation of life aspects in the world.
The analysis of Olson’s book provides the potential impacts of technological changes on the American people in their contemporary societies. Olson focused on the field of politics, science and the environment. An interrelation is also made on the technological advancement and artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence is also contributes to the analysis of the available theories explaining Anthropological development in the United States of America and its surrounding environs. The book also focuses on the contributions and achievements made by American scientists and astronauts in the field of technology. The concepts presented in the book is based on the concepts provided by the first people who visited the moon; therefore, the exploration of the universe beyond the earth's surface is emphasised in the literature.
The impacts of the outer-space exploration to the lives of the people are also succinctly elaborated in Olson's book. The visits made to the universe have both positive and negative impacts on the lives of the people because the universe sustains human life and determine the ecological conditions. US political systems have impacted the exploration of the universe, therefore, impacting the environmental conditions of the country. The advancement made on the technology has affected the political, economic, environmental and social wellbeing of the people (Raffnsøe, and Hirokazu, 183). The technological progression made in the United States is also attributed to the strongest military system of the country. There has been a competition between different developed countries on the frequencies made in exploring the outer space. The countries with advanced technologies are leading in exploring the universe more than those with less technological changes. Olson mentions United States of America as the most technologically equipped country.
Robertson was focused on explaining the technological changes that led to the invention and introduction of robots in Japan. Book, Robo Sapiens Japanicus, utilizes the analysis of the information and issues that arise from the introduction of the concept of the Japanese robotics economy. The introduction and application of artificial knowledge in most parts of the world resulted in the invention of robots and robotic concepts (Miyazaki, 68). Robots have occupied the opportunities that were initially available for human beings. The need to use robots in technological and complex operation is due to their faster completion of the tasks. The use of robots has also impacted the cultural, and economic status of the people because these machines take the roles that could be performed by human beings.
The technician and companies producing these robots have exaggerated the performance of their models. The exaggeration of the robots’ performance is used as an appropriate marketing strategy to attract buyers and spread the idea of robotic to all parts of the world. The companies are competing in for the production of quality robots; therefore, their performance is manipulated to fit into the market forces in most countries. The stiff competition among the manufactures results to the production of manipulated robots, therefore, disadvantaging the customers. The robots with higher performance and durability have been used for military and industrial operations (Pipher, 102). Most heavy technical operations in the military like the manufacture of weapons have utilized the application of robotics to improve performance, therefore, ensuring a strong Japanese defence. Cultural changes are also identified in Roberson’s book when the robots are given human characters, that is, these machines are given an upright posture like that of human beings and the ability to communicate under the control of computers.
In Robertson’s book, Robo Sapiens Japanicus, the analysis of the robotics provides an idea about the cultural structure of the Japanese people in contemporary societies (Rudnyckyj, 122). The title of the book related to the evolution of human beings, therefore, identifies the robots as another group of people that emerged as a result of evolution. The Structural Functionalism is the theory that explains the cultural system of the Japanese population about the introduction of the concept of robotics in the country (Pedersen, and Sune, 18). The performance of the robots has contributed to various developmental changes in the Japanese communities. The functions of the robots have replaced the roles that were initially undertaken by men in societies because, because of their technicalities. The performance of the robots relates to the Feminism theory because the cultural values in society regulate the manipulation and performance of the robots. Division of labour is also identified in Robertson's book (Robertson, 82).
The analysis of Olson’s text also provides pivotal theories explaining the relationship between artificial intelligence and anthropology. Conflict theory is one of the appropriate theoretical frameworks used in the analysis of the concepts presented by Olson. For example, astronauts are competing for fame when they make regular explorations to the universe. The competition leads to conflicts and subsequent negative impacts on the political, economic and environmental aspect of the country (Moeran, 24). Structural Functionalism is another theory that is used in the analysis of the technological advancements observed in Olson's book. Intelligent people have promoted the development of different sectors in the country.
In conclusion, the Robo Sapiens Japanicus provides an overview of the impacts of anthropology and technological improvements in shaping the cultural and economic structure of the Japanese people. Religious background may also be impacted by technological invention because the beliefs of the people may be changed through anthropological changes. The robots have generally improved the economic status of the Japanese nation. The use of theoretical models is important in the analysis if the effects of technology on the environmental, social and political systems of the people in America.
Conway, Daniel. “Kierkegaard's Fear and Trembling”: A Critical Guide. Cambridge University Press, 2015.
Lippitt, John. "Learning to hope: the role of hope in Fear and Trembling." Kierkegaard’s Fear and Trembling (2015).
Miyazaki, Hirokazu. “The Method of Hope”. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004.
Moeran, Brian. “A Japanese advertising agency”: An anthropology of media and markets. Routledge, 2013.
Olson, Valerie. Into the Extreme: US Environmental Systems and Politics beyond Earth.
University of Minnesota Press, 2018.
Pedersen, Esther Oluffa, and Sune Liisberg. "Trust and Hope: An Introduction." Anthropology and Philosophy. Berghahn Books, 2015. 1-20.
Pipher, Mary. “Letters to a Young Therapist”: Stories of Hope and Healing: Easyread Super Large 24pt Edition. ReadHowYouWant. Com, 2009.
Raffnsøe, Sverre, and Hirokazu Miyazaki. "JOINT STATEMENT." Anthropology and Philosophy: Dialogues on Trust and Hope 4 (2015): 183.
Rudnyckyj, Daromir. "Economy in practice: Islamic finance and the problem of market reason." American Ethnologist 41.1 (2014): 110-127.
Robertson, Jennifer. Robo Sapiens Japanicus. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2018.
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